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| CASE REPORT |
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| Year : 2012 | Volume
: 3
| Issue : 3 | Page : 118-120 |
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A 5-year follow-up case of multiple intrusive luxative injuries
Seema Thakur1, Narbir S Thakur2
1 Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, H.P Government Dental College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
2 Department of Oral Pathology, H.P Government Dental College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| Date of Web Publication | 27-Nov-2012 |
Correspondence Address:
Seema Thakur
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, H.P Government Dental College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/2155-8213.103935
Introduction: Traumatic intrusive luxation is one of the most severe forms of dental injuries, usually affecting the maxillary incisors. The consequence of such an occurrence is a high risk of healing complications such as pulp necrosis, external inflammatory resorption, and external replacement resorption (ankylosis). Case Report: This report presents a case of severe intrusive luxation of multiple anterior teeth in an 11-year-old girl. The teeth were repositioned successfully by endodontic and orthodontic management. The case was monitored for 5 years. Discussion: Depending on the severity of the injury, different clinical approaches for treatment of intrusive luxation may be used. Despite the variety of treatment modalities, rehabilitation of intruded teeth is always a challenge and a multidisciplinary approach is important to achieve a successful result. In this case, intruded teeth were endodontically treated with multiple calcium hydroxide dressings and repositioned orthodontically. The follow-up of such cases is very important as the repair process after intrusion is complex. After 5 years, no clinical or radiographic pathology was detected. Keywords: Endodontic, multiple anterior teeth, intrusion, orthodontic management
How to cite this article:
Thakur S, Thakur NS. A 5-year follow-up case of multiple intrusive luxative injuries. Dent Hypotheses 2012;3:118-20 |
| Introduction | |  |
Tooth intrusion is defined as the displacement of a tooth farther into the alveolar bone. Luxative intrusion is a serious kind of injury of maxillary incisors and generally affecting 1.9% of traumatic injuries involving permanent teeth. [1] Serious damage to the tooth pulp and supporting structures occurs because of the dislocation of tooth into the alveolar process. Thus, the repair process after intrusion is complex. [2] Pulp necrosis, external/internal root resorption, loss of marginal bone support, replacement resorption/ankylosis, disturbance in continued root development, partial/total pulp canal obliteration, and gingival recession may occur as a consequence of intrusive luxation. [3]
The management of intruded permanent tooth may consist of (i) allowing spontaneous re-eruption, (ii) surgical repositioning and fixation, (iii) orthodontic repositioning, and (iv) a combination of surgical and orthodontic therapy. [1]
Despite the variety of treatment modalities, rehabilitation of intruded teeth is always a challenge. The present clinical report shows successful treatment of intruded 11, 21, and 22 with a follow-up record upon 5 years.
| Case Report | | |
An 11-year-old girl was referred to the Emergency ward of Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, in the evening, following traumatic injuries to her teeth caused by a fall from the first floor of her house. Her medical history was unremarkable and all her vaccinations were up to date. On examination, there were no signs of neurological or extra oral injuries. Intraorally, she presented severe intrusive luxation of 11, 21, and 22 (more than 6 mm) and laceration on the lower lip.
At the initial appointment, the intra-oral soft tissues were cleaned with saline and hydrogen peroxide. The patient was prescribed antibiotics and analgesics, chlorhexidine mouthwash, oral hygiene instructions were given, and soft diet was advised. Sutures were placed on the lower lip laceration and the patient was referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry.
The intruded teeth showed no mobility. There was no evidence of traumatic injury to any other teeth. The radiographic examination consisted of one panoramic view and two periapical views. The periapical view revealed closed apices of intruded incisors [Figure 1]. The periodontal space surrounding intruded incisors was diminished, and no root or bone fracture was detected. | Figure 1: Preoperative periapical radiograph of intruded 11, 12 and 22. (The patient was unable to remove the nose pin seen in the X ray)
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Since the teeth presented with mature apices, prophylactic endodontic treatment was planned. So gingivectomy was performed to gain access to the root canal. The access opening was done, working length was determined, and biomechanical preparation was completed; then, the root canals were filled with calcium hydroxide mixed with normal saline. It was decided to allow teeth for spontaneous eruption. At 1-week follow-up, there is no evidence of re-eruption. Subsequent weekly examinations revealed no eruption of the intruded teeth. Calcium hydroxide dressing was changed initially after 4 weeks and subsequently after 12 weeks.
Ten weeks following dental injury, a decision was made to reposition the intruded teeth orthodontically. A fixed multibracketed appliance was bonded to the intruded teeth and adjacent teeth. The extrusion was done with elastic traction. Twenty-six weeks after the start of treatment by orthodontic extrusion, the location of the intruded 11, 21, and 22 was restored to their original position. The teeth were obturated with gutta percha after 1 year [Figure 2]. The case was monitored for 5 years and no clinical and radiographic pathology was detected [Figure 3].
| Discussion | | |
The management of traumatically intruded incisors is challenging. Current management strategies range from the conservative approach such as allowing for spontaneous re-eruption to invasive methods that include immediate surgical repositioning.
Spontaneous re-eruption may take place in intruded permanent incisors especially in instances where there is immature root formation. [2] This conservative approach spares the child from overtreatment and enables periodontal healing. [4] However, the treatment has two main disadvantages: periodontal surgery, e.g. gingivectomy, may be needed in order to gain access to the root canal while waiting for spontaneous re-eruption to occur and root resorption or ankylosis may occur during the observational period. [5]
Surgical repositioning is inexpensive and provides timely solutions for the management of the teeth that are deeply embedded in the bone. [6] However, this method has serious pulpal and periodontal consequences. A significantly large number of instances of marginal bone loss, ankylosis, and pulpal inflammatory responses have been demonstrated following surgical repositioning of intruded teeth when compared to the number of these complications that arises from allowing spontaneous re-eruption to occur or performing orthodontic repositioning. [2]
Orthodontic extrusion is another option for treating intruded permanent teeth because it allows for remodeling of bone and the periodontal apparatus to occur. [7]
Of all the treatment options, it is now evident that both spontaneous re-eruption and orthodontic repositioning cause the least damage to the surrounding tissues. However, there is no general agreement on when to select the allowance of spontaneous re-eruption or orthodontic repositioning as the treatment.
In this case, the traumatic intrusion of maxillary both central incisors and left lateral incisor was monitored for spontaneous re-eruption for ten weeks and the position of the teeth remained unchanged. Thereafter, eruptive orthodontic force was applied.
The incidence of pulp necrosis for intruded teeth with open apices was shown to occur between 63% and 100% for teeth with closed apices. [8] Endodontic treatment should be carried out 2 weeks after the injury and calcium hydroxide should be placed in the root canal as an interim dressing to prevent external root resorption; it also helps in periapical healing and when tooth completely re-erupts it should be obturated with gutta percha. [9]
Inflammatory resorptions are arrested after long-term calcium hydroxide treatment.
In this case, prophylactic endodontic treatment was done and long-term interim calcium hydroxide dressing was given. Obturation with gutta percha was done after complete eruption of these teeth.
The case was monitored for 5 years and follow-up records showed good results.
| Conclusion | | |
This article describes the successful management of severe intrusive luxation of multiple anterior teeth in a child patient with a 5-year follow-up.
| References | | |
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| 2. | Andreason JO, Andreason FM. Luxation injuries. In: Andreason JO, Andreason FM, Andreason L, editors. Textbook and colour atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth, 4 th edn. Oxford: Blackwell Munksgaard; 2007. p. 428-43.
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| 7. | Sonmez H, Tunk ES, Dalci ON, Saroglu I. Orthodontic extrusion of a traumatically intruded permanent incisor: A case report with a 5-year follow up. Dent Traumatol 2008;24:691-4.
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| 8. | Andreasen FM, Vestergaard-Pedersen B. Prognosis of luxated permanent teeth - the development of pulp necrosis. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985;1:207-20.
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| 9. | McDonald RE, Avery DR, Dean JA. Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 8 th ed. An Imprint of Netherlands: Elsevier; Mosby; 2004. p. 483-4.
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[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3]
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